It was a pair of kooks:
Gush Emunim beliefs are based heavily on the teachings of Rabbi Abraham Kook and his son, Rabbi Tzvi Yehuda Kook. The two rabbis taught that secular Zionists, through their conquests of Eretz Israel, had unwittingly brought about the beginning of the "messianic age", which would end in the coming of the Jewish messiah.
Gush Emunim was closely associated with, and highly influential in, the National Religious Party (NRP), the party which is identified with the Modern Orthodox Jewish community.These days they refer to themselves --and are referred to by the Israeli media as-- Ne'emanei Eretz Yisrael נאמני ארץ ישראל (Hebrew: "Those who are loyal/faithful to the land of Israel").
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